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Anthrax is an acute infectious disease, caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis, that most commonly occurs in wild and domestic mammals. Anthrax occurs in humans when they are exposed to infected animals or tissue from infected animals, or when they are directly exposed to B. anthracis. Depending on the route of infection, anthrax disease can occur in three forms: cutaneous, inhalational, and rarely, gastrointestinal.
The anthrax vaccine was originally licensed in 1970 by the U.S. National Institute Of Health (NIH) and in 1972 the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) took over responsibility for vaccine licensure and oversight. In 1997, the Clinton administration initiated the Anthrax Vaccine Immunization Program, under which active U.S. service personnel were to be immunized with the vaccine. Much controversy has surrounded the program since its inception, since vaccination was mandatory, and a perception developed that the anthrax vaccine was unsafe, causing sometimes
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